"Roll Out the Barrel!"


The objects found during archaeological digs make it possible to bring the site to life because they give us information on the activities of those who abandoned them. The activities at the site of the Quebec settlement can be grouped into three categories: those related to work, those connected with the "storehouse" and those associated with domestic life.
Barrel taps,
17th century
Brass
Made in France

Found at the site of the second Quebec settlement
Ministère de la Culture et des Communications du Québec, Archaeological Collection
Photo: Steven Darby, Canadian Museum of Civilization
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In 1624, the "provisions" of the residents were being stored in the central section of the settlement. Remains of taps, bellarmine jugs and wineglasses are evidence that wine was consumed in the most remote settlements of the New World. Since the Middle Ages, it seems that objects associated with the consumption of wine, cider, beer and alcohol often travelled with these beverages — even to far-off areas. "Chantepleures," "champlures" or "champeleures" are brass taps that have been broached into barrels.

. . . And at night, before giving thanks to God, he handed over to his successor in the charge the collar of the Order, with a cup of wine, and they drank to each other.

Lescarbot, History of New France, 1617


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Stem and bowl of wineglasses, 17th century
Fern glass

Found at the site of the second Quebec settlement
Ministère de la Culture et des Communications du Québec, Archaeological Collection
Photo: Steven Darby, Canadian Museum of Civilization
Still rare at the beginning of the seventeenth century, wineglasses are made of "fern" glass. Light, fragile and green-tinged, this glass takes its name from the potassium-rich fern ash from which it is made.

On the floor of the northwest turret, which was burned during the English occupation, archaeologists found what was stored there in 1629: new tobacco pipes (1 "gross", that is 144 pipes, most of which were still there), 24 bottles that were more of less burned, and fragments of a few jars and preserve jars.

Pipes, 17th century
Kaolin white clay
Made in Holland

Found at the site of the second Quebec settlement
Ministère de la Culture et des Communications du Québec, Archaeological Collection
Photo: Ministère de la Culture et des Communications du Québec
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The remains of bellarmine jugs decorated with a bearded mask are evidence that Rhine wines reached the St. Lawrence Valley. These jugs date from the Kirke occupation of the Quebec settlement (1629–1632).

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Bellarmine jugs, 17th century
Brown Rhenish stoneware
Made in Germany

(left) Collection of the Canadian Museum of Civilization
(right) Fragmentary object found at the site of the second Quebec settlement
Ministère de la Culture et des Communications du Québec, Archaeological Collection
Photo: Steven Darby, Canadian Museum of Civilization



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    Last Updated: September 1, 2009