"Roll Out the Barrel!"
The objects found during archaeological digs make it possible to
bring the site to life because they give us information on the activities
of those who abandoned them. The activities at the site of the Quebec
settlement can be grouped into three categories: those related to work,
those connected with the "storehouse" and those associated with domestic
life.
Barrel taps,
17th century
Brass Made in France
Found at the site of the second
Quebec settlement
Ministère de la Culture et des Communications du Québec,
Archaeological Collection
Photo: Steven Darby, Canadian Museum of Civilization
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In 1624, the "provisions" of the residents were being stored in the
central section of the settlement. Remains of taps, bellarmine jugs and
wineglasses are evidence that wine was consumed in the most remote
settlements of the New World. Since the Middle Ages, it seems that objects
associated with the consumption of wine, cider, beer and alcohol often
travelled with these beverages — even to far-off areas. "Chantepleures,"
"champlures" or "champeleures" are brass taps that have been broached into
barrels.
. . . And at night, before giving thanks to God, he handed over to his
successor in the charge the collar of the Order, with a cup of wine, and
they drank to each other.
Lescarbot, History of New France, 1617
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Stem
and bowl of wineglasses, 17th century
Fern glass
Found at the site of the second
Quebec settlement
Ministère de la Culture et des Communications du Québec,
Archaeological Collection
Photo: Steven Darby, Canadian Museum of Civilization
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Still rare at the beginning of the seventeenth
century, wineglasses are made of "fern" glass. Light, fragile and
green-tinged, this glass takes its name from the potassium-rich fern ash
from which it is made.
On the floor of the northwest turret, which was burned during the
English occupation, archaeologists found what was stored there in 1629: new
tobacco pipes (1 "gross", that is 144 pipes, most of which were still there),
24 bottles that were more of less burned, and fragments of a few jars and
preserve jars.
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Pipes, 17th century
Kaolin white clay
Made in Holland
Found at the site of the second
Quebec settlement
Ministère de la Culture et des Communications du Québec,
Archaeological Collection
Photo: Ministère de la Culture et des Communications du Québec
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The remains of bellarmine jugs decorated with a bearded mask are
evidence that Rhine wines reached the St. Lawrence Valley. These jugs date
from the Kirke occupation of the Quebec settlement (1629–1632).
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Bellarmine jugs, 17th
century
Brown Rhenish stoneware
Made in Germany
(left) Collection of the
Canadian Museum of Civilization
(right) Fragmentary object found at the site of the second Quebec
settlement
Ministère de la Culture et des Communications du Québec,
Archaeological Collection
Photo: Steven Darby, Canadian Museum of Civilization
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